Which factor mentions inadequate cognitive development and reading experiences?

Which factor mentions inadequate cognitive development and reading experiences?

• A. Inadequate cognitive development and reading experiences
• B. Adequate cognitive development and reading experiences
• C. High prior knowledge
• D. Strong decoding skills

Answer: (A)

This item focuses on recognizing a factor that contributes to reading difficulties by describing insufficient cognitive development alongside limited reading experiences. The phrase that mentions inadequate cognitive development and reading experiences directly matches what the prompt asks for, making it the best choice. When a learner has underdeveloped cognitive skills or has had fewer opportunities to engage with reading, vocabulary, decoding, and comprehension can all be affected, leading to weaker reading outcomes. The other options describe favorable conditions—adequate cognitive development and reading experiences, high prior knowledge, or strong decoding skills—which would support rather than hinder reading development.

This item focuses on recognizing a factor that contributes to reading difficulties by describing insufficient cognitive development alongside limited reading experiences. The phrase that mentions inadequate cognitive development and reading experiences directly matches what the prompt asks for, making it the best choice. When a learner has underdeveloped cognitive skills or has had fewer opportunities to engage with reading, vocabulary, decoding, and comprehension can all be affected, leading to weaker reading outcomes. The other options describe favorable conditions—adequate cognitive development and reading experiences, high prior knowledge, or strong decoding skills—which would support rather than hinder reading development.